{"id":22216,"date":"2022-03-02T11:44:55","date_gmt":"2022-03-02T08:44:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/web-dev.iptp.net\/?p=22216"},"modified":"2025-06-11T09:09:11","modified_gmt":"2025-06-11T06:09:11","slug":"what-is-ix-transit","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.iptp.us\/vi\/blog\/what-is-ix-transit\/","title":{"rendered":"Networking nh\u1eadp m\u00f4n: IX Transit"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>IX Transit l&agrave; m&#7897;t trong s&#7889; c&aacute;c d&#7883;ch v&#7909; g&acirc;y b&#7889;i r&#7889;i nh&#7845;t v&#7899;i kh&aacute;ch h&agrave;ng c&#7911;a IPTP; d&#7851;n &#273;&#7871;n s&#7921; ra &#273;&#7901;i c&#7911;a b&agrave;i vi&#7871;t n&agrave;y. T&#7845;t t&#7847;n t&#7853;t nh&#7919;ng g&igrave; b&#7841;n c&#7847;n bi&#7871;t, t&#7915; &#273;&#7883;nh ngh&#297;a IX &#273;&#7871;n c&aacute;ch ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng c&#7911;a IX Transit.<\/p><h2>IX Transit l&agrave; g&igrave;?<\/h2><h3>&#272;&#7883;nh ngh&#297;a IX<\/h3><p>&#272;&#7875; hi&#7875;u v&#7873; IX Transit, tr&#432;&#7899;c ti&ecirc;n, b&#7841;n ph&#7843;i bi&#7871;t v&#7873; &#272;i&#7875;m trao &#273;&#7893;i Internet IX (Internet Exchange) ho&#7863;c IXP (Internet Exchange Point).<\/p><p>&#272;i&#7875;m trao &#273;&#7893;i Internet IXP &#273;&oacute;ng vai tr&ograve; l&agrave; &#273;i&#7875;m k&#7871;t n&#7889;i gi&#7919;a c&aacute;c Nh&agrave; m&#7841;ng (ISP) kh&aacute;c nhau. IXP c&ograve;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c bi&#7871;t &#273;&#7871;n nh&#432; m&#7897;t &#273;i&#7875;m k&#7871;t n&#7889;i peering c&ocirc;ng khai (public peering). C&ocirc;ng vi&#7879;c c&#7889;t l&otilde;i c&#7911;a Nh&agrave; m&#7841;ng ISP l&agrave; cho ph&eacute;p t&#7845;t c&#7843; kh&aacute;ch h&agrave;ng truy c&#7853;p &#273;&#7871;n m&#7885;i n&#417;i tr&ecirc;n Internet. Do s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng qu&#7889;c gia v&agrave; ng&#432;&#7901;i ti&ecirc;u d&ugrave;ng qu&aacute; l&#7899;n, s&#7921; h&ograve;a m&#7841;ng (interconnect) l&agrave; &#273;i&#7873;u c&#7847;n thi&#7871;t.<\/p><p>IXP ph&#7843;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#7863;t trong m&#7897;t c&#417; s&#7903; &#273;&#7863;t thi&#7871;t b&#7883; (colocation) c&oacute; th&#7875; cung c&#7845;p &#273;i&#7879;n v&agrave; l&agrave;m m&aacute;t cho c&aacute;c thi&#7871;t b&#7883; &#273;&oacute;. C&aacute;c trung t&acirc;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u Datacenter c&#361;ng t&agrave;i tr&#7907; cho IXP v&#7883; tr&iacute; &#273;&#7875; c&aacute;c ISP s&#7855;p x&#7871;p c&aacute;c k&#7871;t n&#7889;i c&aacute;p. IXP c&#361;ng c&oacute; th&#7875; c&oacute; d&#7883;ch v&#7909; v&#7873; b&#7843;ng c&#7855;m (patch panel), nh&#432;ng c&#7889;t l&otilde;i v&#7851;n l&agrave; k&#7871;t c&#7845;u chuy&#7875;n m&#7841;ch L2 fabric. Ngo&agrave;i ra c&ograve;n c&oacute; y&#7871;u t&#7889; b&#7843;o m&#7853;t v&agrave; m&#7897;t c&#7897;ng &#273;&#7891;ng c&aacute;c chuy&ecirc;n gia k&#7929; thu&#7853;t &#273;&#7875; v&#7853;n h&agrave;nh v&agrave; duy tr&igrave; IXP.<\/p><h3>&#272;&#7883;nh ngh&#297;a IX Transit<\/h3><p>Internet &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#7841;o th&agrave;nh t&#7915; c&aacute;c m&#7841;ng ri&ecirc;ng bi&#7879;t kh&aacute;c nhau &#273;&#432;&#7907;c g&#7885;i l&agrave; c&aacute;c h&#7879; th&#7889;ng t&#7921; tr&#7883; AS (autonomous system), m&#7895;i m&#7841;ng c&oacute; b&#7897; &#273;&#7883;a ch&#7881; IP duy nh&#7845;t tr&ecirc;n to&agrave;n c&#7847;u v&agrave; c&aacute;c ch&iacute;nh s&aacute;ch &#273;&#7883;nh tuy&#7871;n BGP to&agrave;n th&#7871; gi&#7899;i. C&aacute;c m&#7841;ng l&#432;&#7899;i Internet n&agrave;y c&#7847;n th&#7887;a thu&#7853;n h&ograve;a m&#7841;ng &#273;&#7875; c&oacute; th&#7875; k&#7871;t n&#7889;i v&agrave; trao &#273;&#7893;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#7899;i nhau. M&#7897;t trong nh&#7919;ng th&#7887;a thu&#7853;n k&#7871;t n&#7889;i &#273;&oacute; l&agrave; IX Transit.<\/p><h3>C&aacute;ch th&#7913;c ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng<\/h3><p>&ldquo;Internet&rdquo; l&agrave; m&#7897;t t&#7853;p h&#7907;p c&aacute;c m&#7841;ng (network) do c&aacute;c t&#7893; ch&#7913;c kh&aacute;c nhau &#273;i&#7873;u h&agrave;nh. IPTP c&oacute; m&#7897;t network. B&#7841;n c&oacute; m&#7897;t network. C&ugrave;ng nhau, ch&uacute;ng ta n&#7889;i li&ecirc;n th&ocirc;ng m&#7841;ng (<b>inter<\/b>connect-<b>net<\/b>work). &#272;&oacute; l&agrave; c&aacute;ch &ldquo;<b>Internet<\/b>&rdquo; ra &#273;&#7901;i. D&#7883;ch v&#7909; truy&#7873;n t&#7843;i l&#432;u l&#432;&#7907;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u t&#7915; network n&agrave;y &#273;&#7871;n m&#7897;t network kh&aacute;c &#273;&#432;&#7907;c g&#7885;i l&agrave; &ldquo;<strong>Transit<\/strong>&rdquo;.<\/p><figure id=\"attachment_22217\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-22217\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"lazy wp-image-22217 size-full\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD\/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=\" data-src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/internet-connection.jpg\" alt=\"C&aacute;ch l&#432;u l&#432;&#7907;ng di chuy&#7875;n tr&ecirc;n m&#7841;ng Internet.\" width=\"800\" height=\"610\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iptp.us\/wp-content\/uploads\/internet-connection.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.iptp.us\/wp-content\/uploads\/internet-connection-300x229.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.iptp.us\/wp-content\/uploads\/internet-connection-768x586.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-22217 size-full lazy\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/ywAAAAAAQABAAACAUwAOw==\" alt=\"C&aacute;ch l&#432;u l&#432;&#7907;ng di chuy&#7875;n tr&ecirc;n m&#7841;ng Internet.\" width=\"800\" height=\"610\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iptp.us\/wp-content\/uploads\/internet-connection.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.iptp.us\/wp-content\/uploads\/internet-connection-300x229.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.iptp.us\/wp-content\/uploads\/internet-connection-768x586.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" data-src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/internet-connection.jpg\"><\/noscript><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-22217\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">&#272;&#7875; d&#7919; li&#7879;u truy&#7873;n t&#7915; m&aacute;y ch&#7911; &#273;&#7871;n m&aacute;y kh&aacute;ch, d&#7919; li&#7879;u ph&#7843;i &lsquo;transit&rsquo; th&ocirc;ng qua Internet (t&#7853;p h&#7907;p c&aacute;c m&#7841;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c k&#7871;t n&#7889;i v&#7899;i nhau).<\/figcaption><\/figure><p>Nh&agrave; cung c&#7845;p d&#7883;ch v&#7909; Transit n&agrave;y l&agrave; nh&#7919;ng Nh&agrave; m&#7841;ng (ISP). V&#7873; c&#417; b&#7843;n, b&#7841;n tr&#7843; ti&#7873;n &#273;&#7875; c&aacute;c ISP g&#7917;i ho&#7863;c nh&#7853;n c&aacute;c g&oacute;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u (packet) c&#7911;a b&#7841;n. N&oacute;i c&aacute;ch kh&aacute;c, ISP cung c&#7845;p cho b&#7841;n quy&#7873;n truy c&#7853;p v&agrave;o Internet. Trong khi h&#7847;u h&#7871;t c&aacute;c ISP ki&#7875;m so&aacute;t m&#7897;t ph&#7847;n c&#7911;a m&#7841;ng v&#7853;t l&yacute; (c&aacute;p quang, &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng c&aacute;p, v.v.), m&#7897;t s&#7889; nh&agrave; m&#7841;ng kh&aacute;c th&igrave; kh&ocirc;ng. Nh&#7919;ng Nh&agrave; m&#7841;ng s&#7903; h&#7919;u v&agrave; t&#7853;n d&#7909;ng quy m&ocirc; m&#7841;ng l&#432;&#7899;i c&#7911;a h&#7885; &#273;&#7875; d&agrave;n x&#7871;p trao &#273;&#7893;i v&#7899;i c&aacute;c ISP kh&aacute;c.<\/p><h4>Transit v&agrave; Peering<\/h4><p>C&oacute; hai h&igrave;nh th&#7913;c k&#7871;t n&#7889;i gi&#7919;a c&aacute;c network l&agrave;: Transit v&agrave; Peering.<\/p><p><strong>&ldquo;Peering&rdquo;<\/strong> l&agrave; trao &#273;&#7893;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u gi&#7919;a hai ISP. Khi l&#432;&#7907;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c chia s&#7867; gi&#7919;a hai b&ecirc;n l&agrave; g&#7847;n b&#7857;ng nhau, n&#7871;u hai nh&agrave; m&#7841;ng &#273;&#7891;ng &yacute;, peering s&#7869; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c di&#7877;n ra v&agrave; ho&agrave;n to&agrave;n mi&#7877;n ph&iacute; (settlement-free). &#272;i&#7873;u n&agrave;y ngh&#297;a l&agrave; kh&ocirc;ng b&ecirc;n n&agrave;o c&#7847;n tr&#7843; ti&#7873;n khi trao &#273;&#7893;i l&#432;u l&#432;&#7907;ng v&#7899;i b&ecirc;n &#273;&#7889;i t&aacute;c. C&ograve;n m&#7897;t lo&#7841;i n&#7919;a l&agrave; Peering tr&#7843; ph&iacute;. Lo&#7841;i peering n&agrave;y y&ecirc;u c&#7847;u tr&#7843; ph&iacute; h&agrave;ng th&aacute;ng trong tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p c&aacute;c ISP kh&ocirc;ng &#273;&#7891;ng &yacute; trao &#273;&#7893;i l&#432;u l&#432;&#7907;ng mi&#7877;n ph&iacute;.<\/p><h4>S&#7921; ra &#273;&#7901;i c&#7911;a IX Transit<\/h4><p>Nguy&ecirc;n t&#7855;c chung l&agrave; c&aacute;c network mu&#7889;n peer v&#7899;i c&agrave;ng nhi&#7873;u th&agrave;nh vi&ecirc;n c&ugrave;ng c&#7845;p c&agrave;ng t&#7889;t &#273;&#7875; gi&#7843;m chi ph&iacute; transit v&agrave; c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n &#273;&#7897; tr&#7877;. V&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; &#7903; &#273;&acirc;y l&agrave; t&#7841;o k&#7871;t n&#7889;i, y&ecirc;u c&#7847;u ph&#7843;i n&#7889;i d&acirc;y c&aacute;p ch&#7841;y t&#7915; network c&#7911;a b&#7841;n &#273;&#7871;n network m&agrave; b&#7841;n peer c&ugrave;ng. &#272;i&#7873;u n&agrave;y &#273;&#7891;ng ngh&#297;a v&#7899;i vi&#7879;c c&agrave;ng peer v&#7899;i nhi&#7873;u network, s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng d&acirc;y c&aacute;p k&#7871;t n&#7889;i c&#361;ng s&#7869; t&#259;ng l&ecirc;n, &#273;&acirc;y l&agrave; l&yacute; do ch&#7911; y&#7871;u g&acirc;y ph&aacute;t sinh chi ph&iacute;.<\/p><p><i>V&igrave; v&#7853;y, &#273;&#7875; peer v&#7899;i m&#7897;t s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng l&#7899;n c&aacute;c m&#7841;ng kh&aacute;c, IXP l&agrave; c&acirc;u tr&#7843; l&#7901;i t&#7889;t nh&#7845;t.<\/i><\/p><p><strong>IXP<\/strong> l&agrave; n&#417;i c&aacute;c th&agrave;nh vi&ecirc;n c&oacute; th&#7875; k&#7871;t n&#7889;i m&#7841;ng v&agrave; trao &#273;&#7893;i l&#432;u l&#432;&#7907;ng truy c&#7853;p v&#7899;i nhau. IXP l&agrave; trung t&acirc;m (hub) k&#7871;t n&#7889;i v&#7899;i nhi&#7873;u network t&#7841;i m&#7897;t ho&#7863;c nhi&#7873;u &#273;&#7883;a &#273;i&#7875;m. ISP c&oacute; m&#7863;t t&#7841;i nhi&#7873;u IXP c&oacute; th&#7875; ch&#7841;y m&#7841;ch &#273;&#7871;n b&#7845;t k&#7923; th&agrave;nh vi&ecirc;n n&agrave;o trong IXP &#273;&oacute; m&agrave; h&#7885; mu&#7889;n trao &#273;&#7893;i l&#432;u l&#432;&#7907;ng.<\/p><figure id=\"attachment_22220\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-22220\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"lazy wp-image-22220 size-full\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD\/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=\" data-src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/how-ix-works.jpg\" alt=\"IX cho ph&eacute;p ISP li&ecirc;n k&#7871;t v&#7899;i nhi&#7873;u &#273;&#7889;i t&aacute;c peering kh&aacute;c th&ocirc;ng qua m&#7897;t k&#7871;t n&#7889;i IX\" width=\"800\" height=\"475\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iptp.us\/wp-content\/uploads\/how-ix-works.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.iptp.us\/wp-content\/uploads\/how-ix-works-300x178.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.iptp.us\/wp-content\/uploads\/how-ix-works-768x456.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-22220 size-full lazy\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/ywAAAAAAQABAAACAUwAOw==\" alt=\"IX cho ph&eacute;p ISP li&ecirc;n k&#7871;t v&#7899;i nhi&#7873;u &#273;&#7889;i t&aacute;c peering kh&aacute;c th&ocirc;ng qua m&#7897;t k&#7871;t n&#7889;i IX\" width=\"800\" height=\"475\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iptp.us\/wp-content\/uploads\/how-ix-works.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.iptp.us\/wp-content\/uploads\/how-ix-works-300x178.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.iptp.us\/wp-content\/uploads\/how-ix-works-768x456.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" data-src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/how-ix-works.jpg\"><\/noscript><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-22220\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Thay v&igrave; c&#7847;n 2 k&#7871;t n&#7889;i v&#7899;i 2 ISP m&agrave;u xanh, ISP xanh l&aacute; ch&#7881; c&#7847;n m&#7897;t k&#7871;t n&#7889;i duy nh&#7845;t &#273;&#7871;n IX &#273;&#7875; peer c&ugrave;ng 2 ISP &#273;&oacute;.<\/figcaption><\/figure><p>D&#7883;ch v&#7909; &ldquo;Transit&rdquo; di&#7877;n ra khi l&#432;u l&#432;&#7907;ng &#273;i qua c&aacute;c c&#7845;u tr&uacute;c L2 c&#7911;a m&#7897;t IXP &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7871;n c&aacute;c ISP kh&aacute;c, &#273;&#432;&#7907;c g&#7885;i l&agrave; &ldquo;IX Transit&rdquo;. Qu&aacute; tr&igrave;nh IX Transit cho ph&eacute;p l&#432;u l&#432;&#7907;ng truy c&#7853;p &#273;&#7871;n c&aacute;c &#273;&#7889;i t&aacute;c peering v&agrave; downstream c&#7911;a ISP theo c&aacute;ch t&#7889;t nh&#7845;t.<\/p><h2>L&#7907;i &iacute;ch c&#7911;a IX Transit<\/h2><p>IX Transit gi&#7919; l&#432;u l&#432;&#7907;ng c&#7909;c b&#7897;, cho ph&eacute;p c&aacute;c m&#7841;ng peering chuy&#7875;n ti&#7871;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u nhanh h&#417;n. V&igrave; l&#432;u l&#432;&#7907;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c trao &#273;&#7893;i tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p thay v&igrave; th&ocirc;ng qua b&ecirc;n th&#7913; ba, chi ph&iacute; c&#7911;a IX Transit s&#7869; t&#7889;i &#432;u h&#417;n. M&#7897;t s&#7889; IXP y&ecirc;u c&#7847;u ph&iacute; thi&#7871;t l&#7853;p kh&aacute; &#273;&#7855;t v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7899;i tham gia ho&#7863;c ph&iacute; ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng h&agrave;ng th&aacute;ng\/n&#259;m cho c&aacute;c th&agrave;nh vi&ecirc;n. Tuy v&#7853;y, t&ugrave;y thu&#7897;c v&agrave;o v&#7883; tr&iacute; v&agrave; ho&agrave;n c&#7843;nh, chi ph&iacute; c&oacute; th&#7875; v&#7851;n th&#7845;p h&#417;n nhi&#7873;u so v&#7899;i IP Transit. IX Transit ch&#7911; y&#7871;u n&acirc;ng cao tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m ng&#432;&#7901;i d&ugrave;ng b&#7857;ng c&aacute;ch gi&#7843;m &#273;&#7897; tr&#7877; cho c&aacute;c t&agrave;i nguy&ecirc;n nh&#432; game server, t&agrave;i nguy&ecirc;n gi&#7843;i tr&iacute;, v.v.<\/p><p>IX Transit cung c&#7845;p kh&#7843; n&#259;ng ki&#7875;m so&aacute;t t&#7889;t h&#417;n c&aacute;c lu&#7891;ng l&#432;u l&#432;&#7907;ng. Khi c&oacute; v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; x&#7843;y ra v&#7899;i b&#7845;t k&#7923; IXP n&agrave;o, b&#7841;n c&oacute; th&#7875; t&#7921; c&ocirc; l&#7853;p m&igrave;nh kh&#7887;i c&aacute;c v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; hay c&aacute;c tuy&#7871;n &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng t&#7855;c ngh&#7869;n b&#7857;ng c&aacute;ch thi&#7871;t l&#7853;p c&aacute;c BGP Community th&iacute;ch h&#7907;p. Kh&ocirc;ng c&ograve;n m&#7845;t th&#7901;i gian ng&#7891;i ch&#7901; ISP c&#7911;a b&#7841;n kh&#7855;c ph&#7909;c s&#7921; c&#7889;!<\/p><h2>IX Transit c&oacute; gi&#7889;ng v&#7899;i IP Transit kh&ocirc;ng?<\/h2><h3>IP Transit l&agrave; g&igrave;?<\/h3><p>Nh&#432; &#273;&atilde; n&oacute;i &#7903; tr&ecirc;n, ngo&agrave;i Peering, Transit l&agrave; m&#7897;t h&igrave;nh th&#7913;c k&#7871;t n&#7889;i kh&aacute;c gi&#7919;a c&aacute;c m&#7841;ng Internet.<\/p><p>Th&ocirc;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng, c&aacute;c ISP nh&#7887; th&iacute;ch k&#7871;t n&#7889;i peering v&#7899;i m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i, nh&#432;ng c&aacute;c ISP l&#7899;n ch&#7881; mu&#7889;n k&#7871;t n&#7889;i v&#7899;i c&aacute;c ISP c&oacute; k&iacute;ch th&#432;&#7899;c t&#432;&#417;ng t&#7921;. N&#7871;u c&aacute;c m&#7841;ng nh&#7887; mu&#7889;n k&#7871;t n&#7889;i v&#7899;i c&aacute;c m&#7841;ng kh&aacute;c tr&ecirc;n internet th&igrave; ph&#7843;i tr&#7843; ph&iacute; cho c&aacute;c m&#7841;ng l&#7899;n h&#417;n. Trong tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p n&agrave;y, n&oacute; l&agrave; &ldquo;IP Transit&rdquo; v&agrave; kh&ocirc;ng ph&#7843;i l&agrave; m&#7897;t m&#7889;i quan h&#7879; peering.<\/p><p><strong>&ldquo;IP Transit&rdquo;<\/strong> l&agrave; khi m&#7897;t ISP tr&#7843; ti&#7873;n &#273;&#7875; c&oacute; quy&#7873;n truy&#7873;n l&#432;u l&#432;&#7907;ng l&ecirc;n m&#7841;ng upstream c&#7911;a m&#7897;t ISP kh&aacute;c.<\/p><p>Hai ki&#7875;u k&#7871;t n&#7889;i n&agrave;y c&#361;ng di&#7877;n gi&#7843;i c&#7845;u tr&uacute;c ph&acirc;n c&#7845;p m&#7841;ng (network hierarchy). B&#7841;n c&oacute; th&#7875; t&#432;&#7903;ng t&#432;&#7907;ng l&#432;u l&#432;&#7907;ng truy c&#7853;p Internet ch&#7843;y nh&#432; m&#7897;t d&ograve;ng th&aacute;c, v&#7899;i v&ugrave;ng th&#432;&#7907;ng ngu&#7891;n (upstream) v&agrave; v&ugrave;ng h&#7841; l&#432;u (downstream). Khi l&#432;u l&#432;&#7907;ng xu&ocirc;i d&ograve;ng (downstream), n&oacute; &#273;i t&#7915; m&#7897;t network l&#7899;n h&#417;n (ph&acirc;n c&#7845;p cao h&#417;n) &#273;&#7871;n m&#7897;t network nh&#7887; h&#417;n (ph&acirc;n c&#7845;p th&#7845;p h&#417;n). Khi l&#432;u l&#432;&#7907;ng c&#7847;n &#273;i ng&#432;&#7907;c d&ograve;ng (upstream), th&igrave; network nh&#7887; h&#417;n ph&#7843;i tr&#7843; ti&#7873;n cho network l&#7899;n h&#417;n &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c th&ocirc;ng qua.<\/p><figure id=\"attachment_22219\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-22219\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"lazy wp-image-22219 size-full\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD\/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=\" data-src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/transit-vs-peering.png\" alt=\"S&#7921; kh&aacute;c bi&#7879;t gi&#7919;a IP Transit v&agrave; IX Transit\" width=\"800\" height=\"412\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iptp.us\/wp-content\/uploads\/transit-vs-peering.png 800w, https:\/\/www.iptp.us\/wp-content\/uploads\/transit-vs-peering-300x155.png 300w, https:\/\/www.iptp.us\/wp-content\/uploads\/transit-vs-peering-768x396.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\"><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-22219 size-full lazy\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/ywAAAAAAQABAAACAUwAOw==\" alt=\"S&#7921; kh&aacute;c bi&#7879;t gi&#7919;a IP Transit v&agrave; IX Transit\" width=\"800\" height=\"412\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.iptp.us\/wp-content\/uploads\/transit-vs-peering.png 800w, https:\/\/www.iptp.us\/wp-content\/uploads\/transit-vs-peering-300x155.png 300w, https:\/\/www.iptp.us\/wp-content\/uploads\/transit-vs-peering-768x396.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" data-src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/transit-vs-peering.png\"><\/noscript><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-22219\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">D&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;i t&#7915; ISP Tier 1 &#273;&#7871;n ISP Tier 2 &#273;&#432;&#7907;c g&#7885;i l&agrave; IP Transit; trong khi Peering (IX Transit) x&#7843;y ra gi&#7919;a 2 ISP c&ugrave;ng l&agrave; Tier 2 qua IXP.<\/figcaption><\/figure><h3>IP Transit vs. IX Transit<\/h3><p>V&#7853;y IX Transit kh&aacute;c g&igrave; v&#7899;i IP Transit?<\/p><p>V&#7873; c&#417; b&#7843;n, IP Transit c&oacute; th&#7875; k&#7871;t n&#7889;i c&aacute;c nh&agrave; cung c&#7845;p upstream, downstream ho&#7863;c peering. IX Transit ch&#7881; k&#7871;t n&#7889;i downstream v&agrave; peering. IX Transit c&oacute; th&#7875; truy&#7873;n t&#7843;i l&#432;u l&#432;&#7907;ng v&#7899;i m&#7885;i m&#7841;ng l&#432;&#7899;i ngo&#7841;i tr&#7915; upstream.<\/p><p>IX Transit c&oacute; th&#7875; xem nh&#432; l&agrave; m&#7897;t ph&#7847;n c&#7911;a IP Transit.<\/p><p>V&#7899;i IX Transit, ng&#432;&#7901;i d&ugrave;ng cu&#7889;i (end-user) ch&#7881; nh&#7853;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&aacute;c tuy&#7871;n &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng peering , bao g&#7891;m c&aacute;c tuy&#7871;n &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng c&#7911;a ch&iacute;nh nh&agrave; cung c&#7845;p, c&#361;ng nh&#432; c&aacute;c tuy&#7871;n thu&#7897;c v&#7873; kh&aacute;ch h&agrave;ng v&agrave; &#273;&#7889;i t&aacute;c peering c&#7911;a h&#7885;. V&#7853;y n&ecirc;n, IX Transit kh&ocirc;ng th&#7875; l&#432;u chuy&#7875;n tr&ecirc;n to&agrave;n b&#7897; c&aacute;c tuy&#7871;n &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng c&#7911;a m&#7841;ng l&#432;&#7899;i Internet to&agrave;n c&#7847;u do thi&#7871;u k&#7871;t n&#7889;i v&#7899;i c&aacute;c nh&agrave; cung c&#7845;p C&#7845;p 1.<\/p><p>IP Transit c&#361;ng ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng t&#432;&#417;ng t&#7921; nh&#432; IX Transit nh&#432;ng d&#7883;ch v&#7909; n&agrave;y cho ph&eacute;p l&#432;u l&#432;&#7907;ng l&#432;u th&ocirc;ng qua nhi&#7873;u tuy&#7871;n &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng h&#417;n. Ngo&agrave;i c&aacute;c tuy&#7871;n &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng c&#7911;a ch&iacute;nh nh&agrave; cung c&#7845;p, &#273;&#7889;i t&aacute;c peering v&agrave; kh&aacute;ch h&agrave;ng, IP Transit c&#361;ng c&oacute; th&#7875; cung c&#7845;p cho end-user c&aacute;c tuy&#7871;n &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng t&#7915; c&aacute;c ISP upstream. B&#7843;ng BGP c&#7911;a IP Transit bao g&#7891;m to&agrave;n b&#7897; Internet, v&igrave; v&#7853;y end-user c&oacute; th&#7875; &#273;&#7871;n b&#7845;t k&#7923; &#273;&#7883;a ch&#7881; n&agrave;o tr&ecirc;n Internet th&ocirc;ng qua IP Transit.<\/p><p>B&#7841;n c&oacute; th&#7875; coi IP Transit nh&#432; phi&ecirc;n b&#7843;n &lsquo;cao c&#7845;p&rsquo; h&#417;n c&#7911;a d&#7883;ch v&#7909; IX Transit. T&#7845;t nhi&ecirc;n, gi&aacute; IP Transit nh&igrave;n chung c&#361;ng &lsquo;cao h&#417;n&rsquo; v&igrave; nh&agrave; cung c&#7845;p IP Transit th&#432;&#7901;ng ph&#7843;i tr&#7843; ti&#7873;n cho c&aacute;c ISP Tier 1 &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ph&eacute;p truy c&#7853;p c&aacute;c tuy&#7871;n &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng c&#7911;a h&#7885;.<\/p><h2>K&#7871;t n&#7889;i n&agrave;o ph&ugrave; h&#7907;p v&#7899;i doanh nghi&#7879;p b&#7841;n?<\/h2><p>Khi doanh nghi&#7879;p c&#7911;a b&#7841;n quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh v&#432;&#417;n ra to&agrave;n c&#7847;u, quy&#7873;n truy c&#7853;p v&agrave;o c&aacute;c network t&#7841;i khu v&#7921;c &#273;&#7883;a ph&#432;&#417;ng chi&#7871;m vai tr&ograve; kh&aacute; quan tr&#7885;ng. C&acirc;u h&#7887;i &#273;&#7863;t ra &#7903; &#273;&acirc;y l&agrave; d&#7883;ch v&#7909; k&#7871;t n&#7889;i n&agrave;o s&#7869; c&oacute; l&#7907;i nh&#7845;t cho b&#7841;n. B&#7841;n n&ecirc;n s&#7917; d&#7909;ng d&#7883;ch v&#7909; IP Transit &#273;&#7875; c&oacute; quy&#7873;n truy c&#7853;p v&agrave;o to&agrave;n b&#7897; Internet hay ch&#7885;n IX Transit v&igrave; c&aacute;c l&#7907;i &iacute;ch c&#7909; th&#7875; c&#7911;a d&#7883;ch v&#7909; n&agrave;y? &#272;&#7875; tr&#7843; l&#7901;i &#273;i&#7873;u n&agrave;y, b&#7841;n n&ecirc;n xem x&eacute;t m&#7897;t s&#7889; y&#7871;u t&#7889; sau &#273;&acirc;y:<\/p><p>&ndash; B&#7841;n c&oacute; bao nhi&ecirc;u l&#432;u l&#432;&#7907;ng truy c&#7853;p?<br>\n&ndash; Ng&acirc;n s&aacute;ch cho transit c&#7911;a b&#7841;n l&agrave; bao nhi&ecirc;u?<br>\n&ndash; B&#7841;n th&iacute;ch t&#7921; m&igrave;nh &#273;&#7883;nh tuy&#7871;n hay &#273;&#7875; b&ecirc;n th&#7913; 3 h&#7895; tr&#7907;?<br>\n&ndash; &#272;&#7897; tr&#7877; (latency) v&agrave; t&#7889;c &#273;&#7897; k&#7871;t n&#7889;i &#273;&oacute;ng vai tr&ograve; quan tr&#7885;ng nh&#432; th&#7871; n&agrave;o v&#7899;i b&#7841;n?<br>\n&ndash; Vi&#7879;c gi&#7919; l&#432;u l&#432;&#7907;ng c&#7909;c b&#7897; c&oacute; quan tr&#7885;ng v&#7899;i b&#7841;n?<\/p><p>Cho&aacute;ng ng&#7907;p v&#7899;i c&aacute;c c&acirc;u h&#7887;i n&agrave;y?<\/p><p>Li&ecirc;n h&#7879; ngay IPTP Networks &#273;&#7875; t&igrave;m ra gi&#7843;i ph&aacute;p Internet l&yacute; t&#432;&#7903;ng cho c&ocirc;ng ty c&#7911;a b&#7841;n. IPTP Networks cung c&#7845;p m&#7897;t lo&#7841;t c&aacute;c d&#7883;ch v&#7909; internet ph&ugrave; h&#7907;p v&#7899;i m&#7885;i nhu c&#7847;u v&agrave; ng&acirc;n s&aacute;ch c&#7911;a doanh nghi&#7879;p b&#7841;n.<\/p><p>T&igrave;m hi&#7875;u t&#7845;t c&#7843; gi&#7843;i ph&aacute;p k&#7871;t n&#7889;i c&#7911;a IPTP Networks t&#7841;i website:<\/p><p>&#272;&#7885;c th&ecirc;m v&#7873; d&#7883;ch v&#7909; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iptp.us\/vi\/internet-access\/ix-transit\/\">IX Transit <\/a> c&#7911;a IPTP Networks. Ho&#7863;c t&igrave;m hi&#7875;u v&#7873; gi&#7843;i ph&aacute;p k&#7871;t n&#7889;i &#432;u vi&#7879;t h&#417;n n&#7919;a &ndash; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iptp.us\/vi\/internet-access\/remote-ix\/\">D&#7883;ch v&#7909; Remote IX<\/a>.<\/p><p>C&#7847;n h&#7895; tr&#7907; th&ecirc;m? Li&ecirc;n l&#7841;c v&#7899;i ch&uacute;ng t&ocirc;i qua Live Assistant ho&#7863;c g&#7917;i email &#273;&#7871;n: <span class=\"sp-user\">sales<\/span><span class=\"sp-domain\">iptp.net<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":25,"featured_media":29296,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"template-post-detail.php","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[45],"tags":[],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iptp.us\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22216"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iptp.us\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iptp.us\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iptp.us\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/25"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iptp.us\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=22216"}],"version-history":[{"count":47,"href":"https:\/\/www.iptp.us\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22216\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":36710,"href":"https:\/\/www.iptp.us\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22216\/revisions\/36710"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iptp.us\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/29296"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.iptp.us\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=22216"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iptp.us\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=22216"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.iptp.us\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=22216"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}